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世界即时：STM32H5移植zbar记录

2023-05-25 19:32:27 来源：博客园

ZBar是一种流行的二维码扫描和解码工具，它在嵌入式系统中拥有广泛的应用。在嵌入式系统中，我们面临着有限的资源和更严格的性能要求，因此，选择适当的库来完成特定的任务非常重要。 ZBar适用于各种嵌入式平台，包括ARM、x86和MIPS等处理器架构。它可以轻松地整合到各种嵌入式系统中，如智能家居设备、智能手机、平板电脑、远程控制设备、工业控制器等。 ZBar使用C/C++编写，具有高度优化的算法，能够快速准确地读取各种二维码和条形码，包括QR码、Data Matrix码、PDF417码、EAN-13码等等。同时，ZBar还支持自定义解码器，开发者可以根据自己的需求配置扫描器以实现更好的解码效果。 ZBar还具有非常灵活的API，可用于C/C++、Python、Java、Ruby等语言，开发人员可以根据自己的需求灵活选择相应的API。此外，ZBar还支持多种操作系统和平台，包括Linux、Windows、Mac OS X等。总之，ZBar是一种非常有用的嵌入式二维码和条形码扫描库，它提供了高效的解码算法、可定制的解码器和灵活的API，能够轻松地满足嵌入式设备的扫描和解码需求。

(资料图片仅供参考)

这里感谢之前大佬移植zbar库到stm32，具体链接如下：https://www.cnblogs.com/greyorbit/p/8456814.html

移植步骤也很简单，按照博文把对应文件和头文件路径加入到工程中，然后使用图片数组转成灰度数据，在调用zbar既可以识别。

不过移植后会有一个问题，不能重复调用识别二维码，很容易内存就崩了。为了解决这个问题，让这个zbar库可以真正的用起来，不得不找到问题所在。

这里直观的看就是内存问题，奈何如果从源码直接去查找malloc和free的匹配所需时间太大，只能动态调试查找原因，所以第一步，我移植了rt-thread系统，使用rt的内存管理api。

移植rt-thread很方便，现在stm32代码生成工具cubemx可以直接添加rt-thread库，所以移植rt-thread系统很快。具体如下图：

移植完rt-thread后，就需要把zbar库中用到的malloc、calloc、free等操作函数换成 rt-malloc、rt-calloc、rt-free等，直接用全局搜索和替换。

替换后打开rt的内存调试功能宏定义：在rtdebug.h文件中

更改后既可以看到打印内存申请和释放日志，以下为日志打印内容

malloc size 156allocate memory at 0x2001008c, size: 168malloc size 296allocate memory at 0x20010134, size: 308malloc size 32allocate memory at 0x20010268, size: 44malloc size 48allocate memory at 0x20010294, size: 60malloc size 2856allocate memory at 0x200102d0, size: 2868malloc size 52allocate memory at 0x20010e04, size: 64allocate memory at 0x20010e04, size: 64malloc size 16allocate memory at 0x20010e44, size: 28malloc size 20allocate memory at 0x20011388, size: 32malloc size 60allocate memory at 0x200113a8, size: 72release memory 0x20011388, size: 32malloc size 140allocate memory at 0x200113f0, size: 152release memory 0x200113a8, size: 72malloc size 300allocate memory at 0x20011488, size: 312release memory 0x200113f0, size: 152malloc size 620allocate memory at 0x200115c0, size: 632release memory 0x20011488, size: 312malloc size 1260allocate memory at 0x20011838, size: 1272release memory 0x200115c0, size: 632malloc size 2540allocate memory at 0x20011d30, size: 2552release memory 0x20011838, size: 1272malloc size 20allocate memory at 0x20011388, size: 32malloc size 60allocate memory at 0x200113a8, size: 72release memory 0x20011388, size: 32malloc size 140allocate memory at 0x200113f0, size: 152release memory 0x200113a8, size: 72malloc size 300allocate memory at 0x20011488, size: 312release memory 0x200113f0, size: 152malloc size 620allocate memory at 0x200115c0, size: 632release memory 0x20011488, size: 312malloc size 1260allocate memory at 0x20011838, size: 1272release memory 0x200115c0, size: 632malloc size 2540allocate memory at 0x20012728, size: 2552release memory 0x20011838, size: 1272malloc size 352allocate memory at 0x20011388, size: 364malloc size 352allocate memory at 0x200114f4, size: 364malloc size 88allocate memory at 0x20011660, size: 100release memory 0x20011660, size: 100malloc size 440allocate memory at 0x20011660, size: 452malloc size 440allocate memory at 0x20011824, size: 452malloc size 110, but align to 112allocate memory at 0x200119e8, size: 124release memory 0x200119e8, size: 124malloc size 5792allocate memory at 0x20013120, size: 5804malloc size 80allocate memory at 0x200119e8, size: 92malloc size 20allocate memory at 0x20011a44, size: 32malloc size 32allocate memory at 0x20011a64, size: 44malloc size 5, but align to 8allocate memory at 0x20011a90, size: 24malloc size 8allocate memory at 0x20011aa8, size: 24release memory 0x20011aa8, size: 24release memory 0x20011a90, size: 24release memory 0x20011a64, size: 44release memory 0x20011a44, size: 32release memory 0x20011824, size: 452release memory 0x20011660, size: 452release memory 0x200114f4, size: 364release memory 0x20011388, size: 364malloc size 57600allocate memory at 0x200147cc, size: 57612malloc size 960allocate memory at 0x20011388, size: 972release memory 0x20011388, size: 972malloc size 3, but align to 4allocate memory at 0x20011388, size: 24malloc size 360allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 372release memory 0x200113a0, size: 372malloc size 360allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 372release memory 0x200113a0, size: 372malloc size 176allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 188release memory 0x200113a0, size: 188malloc size 176allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 188release memory 0x200113a0, size: 188malloc size 552allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 564malloc size 552allocate memory at 0x200115d4, size: 564release memory 0x200113a0, size: 564release memory 0x200115d4, size: 564malloc size 52allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 64allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 64malloc size 116allocate memory at 0x200113e0, size: 128malloc size 32allocate memory at 0x20011460, size: 44malloc size 32allocate memory at 0x2001148c, size: 44release memory 0x20011460, size: 44release memory 0x2001148c, size: 44malloc size 116allocate memory at 0x20011460, size: 128malloc size 8allocate memory at 0x200114e0, size: 24malloc size 70, but align to 72allocate memory at 0x200114f8, size: 84release memory 0x200113e0, size: 128release memory 0x200113a0, size: 64release memory 0x200114e0, size: 24release memory 0x20011460, size: 128malloc size 12allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 24malloc size 15, but align to 16allocate memory at 0x200113b8, size: 28release memory 0x200114f8, size: 84malloc size 48allocate memory at 0x200113d4, size: 60release memory 0x20011388, size: 24malloc size 4allocate memory at 0x20011388, size: 24malloc size 1, but align to 4allocate memory at 0x20011410, size: 24malloc size 31, but align to 32allocate memory at 0x20011428, size: 44malloc size 52allocate memory at 0x20011454, size: 64allocate memory at 0x20011454, size: 64malloc size 8allocate memory at 0x20011494, size: 24malloc size 16allocate memory at 0x200114ac, size: 28release memory 0x20011494, size: 24malloc size 24allocate memory at 0x200114c8, size: 36release memory 0x200114ac, size: 28malloc size 32allocate memory at 0x20011494, size: 52release memory 0x200114c8, size: 36malloc size 16allocate memory at 0x200114c8, size: 28release memory 0x20011428, size: 44release memory 0x20011410, size: 24release memory 0x200113b8, size: 28release memory 0x200113a0, size: 24release memory 0x200113d4, size: 60release memory 0x200147cc, size: 57612release memory 0x200119e8, size: 92release memory 0x20013120, size: 5804n = 1decoded QR-Code symbol "EEWorld STM32H5"len = 15release memory 0x20010e04, size: 64release memory 0x20011494, size: 52release memory 0x200114c8, size: 28release memory 0x20011454, size: 64release memory 0x20010e44, size: 28release memory 0x20010294, size: 60release memory 0x20010268, size: 44release memory 0x20010134, size: 308release memory 0x20011d30, size: 2552release memory 0x20012728, size: 2552release memory 0x200102d0, size: 2868release memory 0x2001008c, size: 16845 45 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 53 54 4D 33 32 48 35 zbar ok zbar count;56

通过对申请和释放的对应关系，我们可以分析得出问题所在，zbar库在图片识别后释放了img->data指针，而这个指针是在zbar调用外部申请的空间，是不需要zbar内部释放的，具体代码如下：

int main(void){  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */    uint8_t test[]="start test\n";    uint16_t i,j;    int qr_img_width = 240;        uint16_t Color;    uint16_t cnt = 0;        unsigned char *pic_rgb = (unsigned char *)gImage_test;    unsigned char *pic_hd = NULL;unsigned char *pic_data = NULL;        void * ptr_start;  /* USER CODE END 1 */  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */  //HAL_Init();  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */  /* USER CODE END Init */  /* Configure the system clock */  //SystemClock_Config();  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */  /* USER CODE END SysInit */  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */  MX_GPIO_Init();  MX_ADC1_Init();  MX_ETH_Init();  MX_ICACHE_Init();  MX_LPUART1_UART_Init();  //MX_USART3_UART_Init();  MX_UCPD1_Init();  MX_USB_PCD_Init();  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */  pic_data = rt_malloc(qr_img_width*qr_img_width);  if(pic_data == NULL)  {      printf("malloc error\n");      return 0;  }  else  {      printf("pic_data:0x%x\n",pic_data);  }    //memset(pic_data,0,qr_img_width*qr_img_width);     pic_hd = pic_data;    for(i=0;i> 8)*77+((Color&0x7E0)>>3)*150+((Color&0x001F)<<3)*29)/256;            pic_hd++;            pic_rgb++;            pic_rgb++;                 }    }    /* USER CODE END 2 */    /* Infinite loop */  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */    while (1)  {    /* USER CODE END WHILE */    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */                  if( Zbar_Test((void* )pic_data,qr_img_width,qr_img_width) == 0 )      {          printf("zbar failed \n");          //rt_free(pic_data);      }      else      {          cnt ++;          printf("zbar ok \n");          //rt_free(pic_data);      }      printf("zbar count;%d\n",cnt);      //list_thread();      rt_thread_mdelay(5000);        }  rt_free(pic_data);  /* USER CODE END 3 */}

即pic_data灰度图片数据是不需要zbar释放的，但是zbar库中做了释放操作，代码如下：

inline void zbar_image_rt_free_data (zbar_image_t *img){    if(!img)        return;    if(img->src) {        /* replace video image w/new copy */        assert(img->refcnt); /* FIXME needs lock */        zbar_image_t *newimg = zbar_image_create();        memcpy(newimg, img, sizeof(zbar_image_t));        /* recycle video image */        newimg->cleanup(newimg);        /* detach old image from src */        img->cleanup = NULL;        img->src = NULL;        img->srcidx = -1;    }    else if(img->cleanup && img->data) {        if(img->cleanup != zbar_image_rt_free_data) {            /* using function address to detect this case is a bad idea;             * windows link libraries add an extra layer of indirection...             * this works around that problem (bug #2796277)             */            zbar_image_cleanup_handler_t *cleanup = img->cleanup;            img->cleanup = zbar_image_rt_free_data;            cleanup(img);        }//传入图片为外部指针，zbar内部不用free此指针//        else//            rt_free((void*)img->data);    }    img->data = NULL;}

这里把这一句屏蔽，则可以解决问题，经过我测试，现在已经连续运行上千次

decoded QR-Code symbol "EEWorld STM32H5"len = 1545 45 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 53 54 4D 33 32 48 35 zbar ok zbar count;4290n = 1decoded QR-Code symbol "EEWorld STM32H5"len = 1545 45 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 53 54 4D 33 32 48 35 zbar ok zbar count;4291n = 1decoded QR-Code symbol "EEWorld STM32H5"len = 1545 45 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 53 54 4D 33 32 48 35 zbar ok zbar count;4292n = 1decoded QR-Code symbol "EEWorld STM32H5"len = 1545 45 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 53 54 4D 33 32 48 35 zbar ok zbar count;4293n = 1decoded QR-Code symbol "EEWorld STM32H5"len = 1545 45 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 53 54 4D 33 32 48 35 zbar ok zbar count;4294

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